France — map and facts

France is one of Europe's largest and most influential countries, known for its art, cuisine, fashion and central role in European history. Its capital is Paris, and the country covers roughly 551,000 square kilometres with a population of about 68 million. France uses the euro as its currency.

About France

France combines a long cultural heritage with a modern, diversified economy and a strong sense of national identity. It is a founding member of the European Union and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The country is divided into mainland regions and several overseas territories spread across the globe. French institutions, language and ideas have shaped politics and culture far beyond Europe.

Geography and landscape

Metropolitan France stretches from the North Sea and the English Channel to the Mediterranean, bordering Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Monaco and Andorra. The terrain ranges from northern plains and the Loire valley to the Alps in the east, where Mont Blanc reaches 4,807 metres, and the Pyrenees along the Spanish border. The country has long coastlines on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The climate is temperate in the north and west, with hot, dry summers along the Mediterranean coast. Major rivers include the Seine, Loire, Rhône and Garonne.

History

Settled by Celtic Gauls and later conquered by Rome, the region became the heart of the Frankish kingdom after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Medieval France grew into a powerful monarchy, consolidated through centuries of war, including the Hundred Years' War against England. The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew the monarchy and spread ideas of liberty, equality and citizenship across Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte then built a vast empire before his defeat in 1815. France endured devastating fighting on its soil in both World Wars of the twentieth century. After 1945 it rebuilt rapidly and became a driving force behind European integration.

Economy and currency

France has one of the world's largest economies, with strengths in aerospace, luxury goods, agriculture, energy and tourism. It is the most visited country in the world by international arrivals. The currency is the euro, which replaced the French franc in 2002. Paris is a major global financial and corporate centre.

Culture and language

The official language is French, spoken across the country and in many former colonies worldwide. France is famous for its literature, philosophy, cinema and a culinary tradition recognised by UNESCO. Art and architecture range from Gothic cathedrals to the museums of Paris, including the Louvre. National life is shaped by the secular republican values established after the Revolution.

Frequently asked questions

What is the capital of France? The capital of France is Paris, located on the river Seine in the north of the country. It is the largest city and the political, economic and cultural centre of France.

What currency is used in France? France uses the euro. It replaced the French franc in 2002, when euro notes and coins entered circulation.

How big is France? Metropolitan France covers roughly 551,000 square kilometres, making it one of the largest countries in Western Europe. Including its overseas territories, the total area is larger still.