Micronesia — map and facts

#### About the Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia is a sovereign island nation located in the western Pacific Ocean, comprising more than 600 islands spread across an oceanic area roughly the size of the continental United States. The country consists of four states — Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae — each with its own distinct culture, language, and traditions. Palikir, on the island of Pohnpei, serves as the national capital. The FSM entered into a Compact of Free Association with the United States in 1986, which provides for defence, financial assistance, and the right of Micronesian citizens to live and work in the United States. The total land area is only about 700 square kilometres, while the surrounding Exclusive Economic Zone covers nearly three million square kilometres.

#### Geography and Landscape The islands of Micronesia range from tall volcanic islands to low-lying coral atolls. Pohnpei is the largest island and features dramatic basalt peaks, dense rainforests, and one of the highest rainfall levels anywhere on Earth. Kosrae is similarly mountainous and lush. Chuuk Lagoon, formed by a submerged volcanic caldera, is world-famous among divers for its fleet of Japanese warships sunk during World War Two. Yap, the westernmost state, is known for its traditional stone money and relatively intact indigenous culture. The surrounding waters contain extensive coral reef systems, rich marine biodiversity, and deep oceanic trenches. Rising sea levels pose an existential threat to many of the lower-lying atolls.

#### History The islands of Micronesia have been inhabited for more than three thousand years, settled by Austronesian peoples who arrived from Southeast Asia. Spanish explorers reached the islands in the sixteenth century and claimed them for the Spanish Empire. Germany purchased the islands from Spain in 1899 following the Spanish-American War. Japan seized the territory during World War One and administered it under a League of Nations mandate, during which significant Japanese immigration and development occurred. The islands were taken by US forces during World War Two after intense fighting, particularly at Chuuk. The United Nations designated the territory a US Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1947. The FSM achieved self-governance in 1979 and full sovereignty in 1986.