Japan — map and facts

Japan is an island nation in East Asia, an archipelago of more than 6,800 islands stretching along the Pacific coast of the continent. With a population of around 124 million, Japan ranks among the world's top three largest economies. The capital is Tokyo, the world's most populous metropolitan area. The currency is the Japanese yen (JPY). Japan is known for its extraordinary blend of ultramodern technology and deeply rooted traditional culture.

About Japan

Japan is a constitutional monarchy in Asia, situated on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The emperor serves a ceremonial role; executive power rests with the elected government. Japan consists of four main islands — Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku — plus thousands of smaller ones. Its nearest neighbours are China and South Korea across the Sea of Japan, and Russia to the north across the La Pérouse Strait.

Geography and landscape

Japan covers approximately 377,975 km² and spans from subtropical Okinawa in the south to subarctic Hokkaido in the north. Lying on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Japan is one of the world's most seismically active nations, with frequent earthquakes and over 100 active volcanoes including Mount Fuji (3,776 m), Japan's highest peak and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Around 73% of the land is mountainous, concentrating population in coastal plains and narrow river valleys. The climate varies from subarctic in the far north to subtropical in the south; four distinct seasons are experienced in most of the country.

History

Japan has one of the world's oldest continuous civilisations, with the Jomon culture dating back 14,000 years. Buddhism arrived from Korea in the 6th century, profoundly shaping art, architecture, and culture. The feudal era, dominated by samurai culture and the shogunate, lasted from the 12th to the 19th century. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan rapidly modernised and industrialised. Japan's defeat in the Second World War (1945) led to a new pacifist constitution and an extraordinary postwar economic recovery, making Japan the world's third largest economy by the late 20th century.

Economy and currency

Japan is the world's third largest economy by nominal GDP. Key sectors include automotive manufacturing (Toyota, Honda, Nissan), electronics (Sony, Panasonic, Canon), robotics, and financial services. The Japanese yen (JPY) is one of the world's most widely traded currencies. Despite challenges from an ageing population and deflation over recent decades, Japan remains a technological and industrial powerhouse.

Culture and language

Japanese is the sole official language, spoken by virtually all residents. Japanese culture balances deep tradition with rapid modernisation: ancient forms like Noh theatre, Kabuki, ikebana, and the tea ceremony coexist with global leadership in manga, anime, video games, and contemporary fashion. Shinto and Buddhism are the predominant religions. Japanese cuisine — sushi, ramen, tempura, and kaiseki — is one of the world's most influential food cultures. Respect, group harmony, and meticulous craftsmanship (monozukuri) are central cultural values.

Frequently asked questions

What is the capital of Japan? Tokyo, also the world's largest metropolitan area by population.

What currency does Japan use? The Japanese yen (JPY).

Is Japan prone to earthquakes? Yes. Japan sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire and experiences hundreds of earthquakes annually.

What is Mount Fuji? Mount Fuji is Japan's highest mountain at 3,776 m, an active stratovolcano and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a symbol of Japan.

What are Japan's main islands? Japan's four main islands are Honshu (the largest, containing Tokyo and Osaka), Hokkaido (northernmost), Kyushu (south-western), and Shikoku.